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Andorra |
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| Background: |
For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality,
ruled by the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel.
In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state
retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy.
Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable
prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants
(legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack
of income taxes. |
| Location: |
Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
42 30 N, 1 30 E |
| Map
references: |
Europe
|
| Area: |
total: 468 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land:
468 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Land
boundaries: |
total: 120.3 km
border countries: France 56.6
km, Spain 63.7 km |
| Coastline: |
0 km (landlocked) |
| Maritime
claims: |
none (landlocked) |
| Climate: |
temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
| Terrain: |
rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys |
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
highest point:
Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m |
| Natural
resources: |
hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead |
| Land
use: |
arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.78% (1998 est.) |
| Irrigated
land: |
NA sq km |
| Natural
hazards: |
avalanches |
| Environment
- current issues: |
deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion;
air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to: Hazardous Wastes
signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements |
| Geography
- note: |
landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees
|
| Population: |
69,150 (July 2003 est.) |
| Age
structure: |
0-14 years: 15.1% (male 5,473; female 4,974)
15-64
years: 71.7% (male 26,063; female 23,542)
65 years and over:
13.2% (male 4,543; female 4,555) (2003 est.) |
| Median
age: |
total: 39.1 years
male: 39.4 years
female:
38.8 years (2002) |
| Population
growth rate: |
1.06% (2003 est.) |
| Birth
rate: |
9.65 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Death
rate: |
5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Net
migration rate: |
6.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Sex
ratio: |
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female
total population:
1.09 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Infant
mortality rate: |
total: 4.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 4.4 deaths/1,000
live births |
| Life
expectancy at birth: |
total population: 83.49 years
male: 80.58 years
female: 86.58 years (2003 est.) |
| Total
fertility rate: |
1.27 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran |
| Ethnic
groups: |
Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998)
|
| Religions: |
Roman Catholic (predominant) |
| Languages: |
Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese |
| Literacy: |
definition: NA
total population: 100%
male:
NA%
female: NA%
|
| Economy
- overview: |
Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts
for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually,
attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter
resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the
economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing
broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector,
with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy.
Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable -
and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is
sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars,
and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated
as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as
a non-EU member for agricultural products. |
| GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- real growth rate: |
3.8% (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture:
NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
4.3% (2000) |
| Labor
force: |
33,000 (2001 est.) |
| Labor
force - by occupation: |
agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.) |
| Unemployment
rate: |
0% |
| Budget: |
revenues:
$385 million
expenditures: $342 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1997) |
| Industries: |
tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking |
| Industrial
production growth rate: |
NA% |
| Agriculture
- products: |
small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep |
| Exports: |
$58 million f.o.b. (1998) |
| Exports
- commodities: |
tobacco products, furniture |
| Exports
- partners: |
Spain 58%, France 34% (2000) |
| Imports: |
$1.077 billion (1998) |
| Imports
- commodities: |
consumer goods, food, electricity |
| Imports
- partners: |
Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (2000) |
| Debt
- external: |
$NA |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
none |
| Currency: |
euro (EUR) |
| Currency
code: |
EUR |
| Exchange
rates: |
euros per US dollar - 1.0626 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94
(1999) |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year
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