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Brunei |
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| Background: |
The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th
centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest
Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period
of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial
expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British
protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has
ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive
petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per
capita GDPs in the developing world. |
| Location: |
Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia |
| Geographic
coordinates: |
4 30 N, 114 40 E |
| Map
references: |
Southeast
Asia |
| Area: |
total: 5,770 sq km
water: 500 sq km
land:
5,270 sq km |
| Area
- comparative: |
slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Land
boundaries: |
total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381
km |
| Coastline: |
161 km |
| Maritime
claims: |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line
territorial
sea: 12 NM |
| Climate: |
tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
| Terrain: |
flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
|
| Elevation
extremes: |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point:
Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
| Natural
resources: |
petroleum, natural gas, timber |
| Land
use: |
arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 98.67% (1998 est.) |
| Irrigated
land: |
10 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural
hazards: |
typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare |
| Environment
- current issues: |
seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia |
| Environment
- international agreements: |
party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none
of the selected agreements |
| Geography
- note: |
close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and
Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an
enclave of Malaysia
|
| Population: |
358,098 (July 2003 est.) |
| Age
structure: |
0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902)
15-64
years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480)
65 years and
over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.) |
| Median
age: |
total: 26.4 years
male: 27 years
female:
25.7 years (2002) |
| Population
growth rate: |
2% (2003 est.) |
| Birth
rate: |
19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Death
rate: |
3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Net
migration rate: |
3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Sex
ratio: |
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population:
1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Infant
mortality rate: |
total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 17.09 deaths/1,000
live births |
| Life
expectancy at birth: |
total population: 74.3 years
male: 71.9 years
female: 76.82 years (2003 est.) |
| Total
fertility rate: |
2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Nationality: |
noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian |
| Ethnic
groups: |
Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% |
| Religions: |
Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs
and other 10% |
| Languages: |
Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total
population: 91.8%
male: 94.8%
female: 88.5%
(2003 est.)
|
| Economy
- overview: |
This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic
entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village
tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half
of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries,
and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from
domestic production. The government provides for all medical services
and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that
steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal
social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving
as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum.
Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment,
strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further
widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. |
| GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.) |
| GDP
- real growth rate: |
3% (2002 est.) |
| GDP
- per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.) |
| GDP
- composition by sector: |
agriculture: 5%
industry: 45%
services:
50% (2001 est.) |
| Population
below poverty line: |
NA% |
| Household
income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices): |
-2% (2002 est.) |
| Labor
force: |
143,400
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel;
temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.) |
| Labor
force - by occupation: |
government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction
42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) |
| Unemployment
rate: |
10% (2001 est.) |
| Budget: |
revenues: $2.5 billion
expenditures: $2.6 billion,
including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
| Industries: |
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction |
| Industrial
production growth rate: |
5% (2002 est.) |
| Electricity
- production: |
2.497 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity
- production by source: |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
other:
0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
| Electricity
- consumption: |
2.322 billion kWh (2001) |
| Electricity
- exports: |
0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity
- imports: |
0 kWh (2001) |
| Oil
- production: |
217,200 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil
- consumption: |
13,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
| Oil
- exports: |
NA |
| Oil
- imports: |
NA |
| Oil
- proved reserves: |
1.255 billion bbl (January 2002 est.) |
| Natural
gas - proved reserves: |
315 billion cu m (January 2002 est.) |
| Agriculture
- products: |
rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo |
| Exports: |
$3 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.) |
| Exports
- commodities: |
crude oil, natural gas, refined products |
| Exports
- partners: |
Japan 40.8%, South Korea 13.2, Thailand 12.3, Australia 9.3, US 8.3,
Singapore 5.8, China 4.8 (2002) |
| Imports: |
$1.4 billion c.i.f. (2000 est.) |
| Imports
- commodities: |
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
|
| Imports
- partners: |
Singapore 31.1, Japan 21.6, Malaysia 18.3, UK 6.2, Hong Kong 3.8, US
3.2 (2002) |
| Debt
- external: |
$0 |
| Economic
aid - recipient: |
$4.3 million (1995) |
| Currency: |
Bruneian dollar (BND) |
| Currency
code: |
BND |
| Exchange
rates: |
Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724
(2000), 1.695 (1999), 1.6736 (1998) |
| Fiscal
year: |
calendar year
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